Pandit Duraiswami aiyangar (1883 -1956)

Welcome

An Ayurvedic doctor more holistic healer than medicine man, a Sanskrit scholar who spoke the ancient tongue with ease, a polyglot who juggled languages with abandon, a commentator and translator who made our heritage available to the common man, a teacher who imparted knowledge with passion, an ardent lover of literature and the fine arts, a devout explorer in the realms of Sanatana dharma, a man of letters, a poet, an actor, a polymath, a titan. He was Pandit Duraiswami Aiyangar. To know about him is to acknowledge and understand the breadth and depth of the human potential we all possess, but only the rarest of rare are destined to maximize.

A peep into his life reveals the ingredients that went towards the making of this man. His was a saga of deprivation, struggles, and hardships almost from infancy. Yet, armed with nothing but his own grit and resolve, this orphan from an unknown village transformed his life into an inspirational journey sprinkled with innumerable milestones. That’s because this immensely optimistic genius never viewed problems as pitfalls. He only saw every hardship as a challenge to be overcome. And while chance seemed to play an immense role in his evolution, one can never overlook his complete dedication, immense discipline, and single-minded focus at whatever task he undertook.

And then there was his unquenchable thirst for knowledge. His was a voyage into the unknown, following “knowledge like a sinking star, to the utmost bound of human thought.” (Ulysses, Alfred Lord Tennyson). Nothing was too insignificant, nothing too magnificent. If he met an idea, he had to befriend it, follow it through its labyrinthine course, until he reached a destination that satisfied him. Hence whether it was the sciences or humanities, music or philosophy, all were grist for Pandit Duraiswami’s mill. And he pounced on each new thought with the glee of a child.

Along with these were the human contradictions that made him so interesting. He was steeped in ancient scriptures and the study of Sanskrit. Yet all by himself he learned, read, and wrote in English with immense ease. He was a staunch exponent of Ayurveda, yet often consulted Allopathic doctors and had a very amicable relationship with them. Extravagant in his dreams, he was frugality itself in daily life.

But through all of this, what radiated was an intellect that blazed forth like the ancients, a character wedded to learning, a life dedicated to exploration. The entire universe of ideas was his stage and when he ascended it, he played every part to perfection.

He was an unsung, unheralded hero. Of such as him, Thomas Gray, in the poem, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard had said,

“Full many a gem of purest ray serene,
The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear:
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.”


In reclaiming his heritage, we as his progeny are only offering our very humble tribute to him. Our attempt is to revive, revitalize, and renew the story of this man, his contribution, and his legacy so he can reclaim his deserved place in civilization’s galaxy of the wise and the learned.

Jivanandanam of Anandaraya Makhin

An allegorical play, filled with medical and political knowledge, it is a layered text open to multiple interpretations, nuanced and layered, centering around the attack by the king of disease, Consumption on the hero of the play, the Soul of man, and his final deliverance through his faith in God. Pandit Duraiswami wrote a commentary in Sanskrit on this work, drawn to it for its masterful explanation of Ayurveda in political terms that any layman could understand.

Kiratarjuniya

Composed in the 6th C., this play describing in 18 cantos the combat between Arjuna and Shiva as a Kirata (mountain-dweller) during the years when the Pandavas were in exile, contains some of the most bewitchingly well-structured linguistic feats, both of construction and expression, unimaginable to any but the most profound scholars, earning for itself the title of the most powerful poem in Sanskrit. What Pandit Duraiswami has done is to write notes in Sanskrit on Mallinatha’s commentary on Kiratarjuniya, wherein he explores not only the beauty of the language, but also the message of the play which portrays all the universe (of gods, demi-gods and man) as one.

Ashtanga Hridayam

Ashtanga Hridayam meaning ‘the heart of the eight branches of Ayurveda’, was composed by the eminent scholar Vagbhatta in the 7th C. and has 7120 verses written in a poetic style for easy recital, thereby presenting a comprehensive account of this esoteric school of medicine and soon became the root source for Ayurvedic philosophy and teachings. Pandit Duraiswami translated this text into Tamil so that Tamil physicians could have a solid foundation of Sanskrit works for their procedures.

Madhava Nidanam

Also known as Rug Vinischaya, Madhava Nidhanam was authored by Madhava, a 7th C. Ayurvedic practitioner and is a comprehensive Ayurvedic treatise which names 79 diseases in as many chapters, along with their causes, symptoms and complications and is considered first among the minor triad of Ayurvedic literature. Pandit Duraiswami took great pains to translate this treatise into Tamil reaching out thereby to a much larger audience.

Tantrasarasangra Pandit

Tantra Sara was the compendium of worship supposedly taught to Lord Brahma by Lord Vishnu and Madwacharya extracted relevant portions of it into this volume, which consists of the (i) chanting of the great Vaishnava mantras (ii) aspects of Aavarana pooja (iii) Kalasha pooja (iv) comprehending the various forms and expressions of Lord Vishnu  (v) yagna rituals (vi) meditation (vii) vasthu of temple construction (viii) sculpture and aspects related to the installation of icons. Pandit Duraiswami Aiyangar being a staunch Vaishnavite was obviously attracted to this work and through his Tamil translation, wanted to disseminate this knowledge to the devout Tamilian reader.

The Presidential Address

In the Presidential Address which was delivered by Pandit Duraiswami Aiyangar in Tamil, at the sixth Dravida Vaidya Conference held at Trichinopoly on May 28, 1934, he lauds the ancient heritage of Ayurveda, its spiritual descent from Danvantari, God of medicine himself, the special feature of the three humours which formed the basis of its diagnostical skill as also the neglect of the branch of surgery in Ayurveda, which was an important aspect of this science and which deserved to be encouraged. He used strong and logical arguments to debunk both the dubious claims of Siddhas, (another branch of indigenous medicine) and the British led Western medical sciences which tried to discredit Ayurveda, all the while drawing from its extensive knowledge. The greatness and glory of Ayurveda comes across clearly as also his pride in being a proponent of this wonderful healing practice.